狐胆汁对蟾蜍离体心脏功能的影响

目的：研究狐胆汁对蟾蜍离体心脏的作用及对蟾蜍离体心脏细胞膜ATP酶活性的影响。方法：采用离体蛙心灌流法观察狐胆汁对离体蟾蜍心脏的收缩力、心率的影响,并通过定磷法检测狐胆汁对离体蟾蜍心肌细胞膜ATP酶活性的影响。结果：狐胆汁使蟾蜍离体心脏的收缩力加强,在0.3～4.0g/L浓度范围内,狐胆汁促进心肌收缩力的作用与剂量之间呈量效关系,最大效应可使心肌收缩力提高390%,心率减慢。随狐胆汁浓度提高,心肌细胞膜Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性提高,Na^＋K^＋-ATP酶、Mg^2＋-ATP酶、Ca^2＋Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性下降。结论：狐胆汁能提高蟾蜍离体心脏的功能,其作用机制有待进一步研究。     

细胞凋亡的主要检测方法研究进展

细胞凋亡是生理性细胞死亡过程,凋亡在维持动物机体内环境平衡中扮演着极其重要的角色.细胞凋亡的准确检测是研究细胞凋亡相关机制,以及评价细胞凋亡在相应组织或疾病中影响的第一步.形态学是检测细胞凋亡的最直观的方法,至今一直作为细胞凋亡检测的金标准.DNA片段化检测主要有DNA ladder,TUNEL检测法和ELISA检测法...     

Induction of cytoplasmic male sterility in the seed progeny derived from artificially-synthesized interspecific chimera in Brassica

We produced artificial interspecific chimeras by in vitro grafting, and obtained cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) variants in the seed progenies derived from backcrossing the chimera with one of the mother plants, B. campestris cv. Komatsuna. The induced CMS has been stably inherited by crossing it with `Komatsuna', not with `Ruby Ball' cabbage. The nuclear component of CMS is complete `Komatsuna' type in morphology, chromosome number (2n = 20) and Southern blot using ribosomal 17S RNA gene as a probe. PCR analysis by using mitochondrial atpA primer showed the complete `Ruby Ball' type, suggesting nuclear-cytoplasmic exchange. However, Southern blot patterns were different among those of the CMS and both parents by using atpA. Recombination or some unknown change is supposed in the mitochondrial genome via the processes of synthesis and propagation of the chimeras.     

A comparative study of microsporogenesis and anther wall development in different types of genic and cytoplasmic male sterilities in chives

A new cytoplasmic and two genic male sterilities in chives are compared with male‐fertile counterparts for anther development and microsporogenesis. The genic male sterilities (wi and st1) fail to produce viable pollen, since microsporogenesis is stopped around the stage of tetrads. Compared with a previously described cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS₁, which also shows alterations during this stage, wi‐ and st1‐sterile plants fail to produce pollen walls. The last two male sterilities are very similar in development but can be distinguished by the missing breakdown of callose in st1‐sterile plants. In contrast to the sterilities described above, the second cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS₂, is caused by functional damages to sporophytic tissues, such as no degeneration of mesothecium cells and no thickening of the endothecial cell walls. These alterations prevent the release of pollen, although they are normally developed.     

Effects of atorvastatin on release of endothelial microparticles and myocardial apoptosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction

AIM: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin(AT) on the release of endothelial microparticles(EMP) and myocardial apoptosis in the rats with myocardial infarction. METHODS: SD male rats(n=24) were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation(sham) group, myocardial infarction(MI) group and MI+AT group. The rat model of acute myocardial infarction was prepared by coronary artery ligation. At 2 h and 24 h after modeling, the peripheral blood was collected to detect creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T(cTnT). The circulating levels of EMP were measured by flow cytometry. The myocardial apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: At 2 h after modeling, the level of CK-MB was significantly increased in MI group compared with sham group, and the level of EMP and the myocardial apoptotic rate were significantly increased in MI group and MI+AT group compared with sham group. At 24 h after modeling, the level of EMP was significantly increased in MI group compared with sham group. The levels of CK-MB, cTnT, EMP and the myocardial apoptotic rate were significantly decreased in MI+AT group compared with MI group. Moreover, the level of CK-MB in MI group was significantly increased at 24 h compared with that at 2 h after modeling. The levels of CK-MB, cTnT and EMP were significantly decreased in MI+AT group at 24 h compared with those at 2 h after modeling. CONCLUSION: Ator-vastatin may reduce the level of EMP and the myocardial apoptotic rate in the rats with acute myocardial infarction, indicating that atorvastatin plays a role in protecting endothelium.     

High n‐3 HUFA levels in the diet of Atlantic salmon affect muscle and mitochondrial membrane lipids and their susceptibility to oxidative stress

Atlantic salmon were fed one of four diets with increasing levels (11–58%of total fatty acids (FAs)) of n‐3 highly unsaturated FAs (HUFAs) in order to investigate the effect on muscle and mitochondrial membrane lipids and their susceptibility to oxidative stress. The high n‐3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) groups contained lower percentages of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin in total muscle than the intermediate n‐3 HUFA group. Cardiolipin and sphingomyelin are particularly susceptible to peroxidation, and a reduced percentage of these lipids showed that mitochondrial membranes had been damaged by oxidation. The intermediate n‐3 HUFA group had the highest level of mitochondrial integrity and tendencies of lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level than the other dietary groups. The high caspase‐3 activity, in addition to casp3a and bax gene expression levels, in the n‐3 DHA group also suggests that some degree of oxidative stress had occurred. Electron microscopy images showed a higher degree of myofibre–myofibre detachment in fish fed the high HUFA diets than in fish fed the intermediate n‐3 HUFA diet. Our findings show that intermediate levels of n‐3 HUFAs in salmon diets gave the best protection against oxidative damage of mitochondrial membranes and muscle structure.     

低氧胁迫下不同品种凡纳滨对虾线粒体超微结构的比较

利用透射电镜技术比较研究了低氧胁迫对2个凡纳滨对虾品系(正大,A6410)的肌肉和鳃组织线粒体超微结构的影响。结果表明:常氧条件下,这2个凡纳滨对虾品系的肌肉和鳃中线粒体结构均匀,内外膜平滑完整,内嵴细长且分布均匀。低氧胁迫12 h后,正大品种肌肉线粒体膜扭曲变形,体积变大,嵴和基质明显减少,结构不完整且伴随着肌纤维疏松,肌丝断裂溶解;而A6410品种肌肉线粒体轻微肿胀,外膜和内膜局部发生变化,内嵴溶解,部分肌丝疏松断裂。正大品种鳃线粒体外膜扭曲变形,内嵴模糊且排列紊乱,髓样变形,呈现严重空泡化;A6410品种鳃线粒体嵴和基质部分减少,出现轻微空泡化现象。抗低氧性能较强的A6410肌肉和鳃线粒体受损程度明显轻于正大。不同组织对低氧胁迫的敏感性不同,且耐低氧性能与线粒体结构密切相关。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠睾丸间质细胞线粒体的损伤作用

将不同作用时间（时间梯度组）及不同质量浓度（质量浓度梯度组）的玉米赤霉烯酮（Zearalenone,ZEA）作用于体外培养的原代小鼠睾丸间质细胞,时间梯度组设0（对照组）、6、12、24h4个观察组,染毒质量浓度为2.5mg/L;质量浓度梯度组设0（对照组）、5、10、20mg/L ZEA 4个观察组,染毒时间为12h。采用流式细胞技术测定线粒体膜电位和透射电子显微镜观察细胞超微结构的方法观测ZEA对睾丸间质细胞线粒体的损伤作用。结果显示,睾丸间质细胞线粒体膜电位2.5mg/L ZEA暴露6h较对照组显著下降（P〈0.05）,暴露12h及24h较对照组都有极显著下降（P〈0.01）;ZEA质量浓度为5mg/L组较对照组显著下降（P〈0.05）,10mg/L组和20mg/L组较对照组都有极显著下降（P〈0.01）。细胞超微结构分析显示,线粒体的空泡化和内质网断裂的程度与ZEA的暴露存在时间-效应关系和质量浓度-效应关系。结果表明,ZEA可导致睾丸间质细胞线粒体损伤,这是ZEA抑制睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的一个重要原因。